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The lower left-hand quarter circles 28 and
29 represent the same measurements as the upper
quadrants 26 and 27 only the inches per
foot are numbered in whole numbers and decimals for every
five degrees similar to the opposite lower quadrants 24
and 25.
By having the several quadrants graduated in the manner
described it enables the operator to determine at one
reading the grade in inches per horizontal foot in any
elevation or the number of inches in the grade to every
foot in the base, the grade per slant foot,
and the number of inches in the base for every foot in
the grade. To illustrate this more clearly let us
say that the length of the base line of a given elevation
is fifty feet and the grade is five inches to the horizontal
foot, then the top of the index finger will point
to the numeral 23 on the degree circle 21,
to the numeral 5 on the quadrant 26 and
to the numeral 13 on the quadrant 27,
thus indicating that the perpendicular or height of the
elevation would be 50x5 or 20 feet 10 inches, and
the length of the slant line or hypotenuse 50x13 or 54
feet 2 inches. With the index finger in this position
the lower end thereof will also point to exactly the same
degree on the lower half of the circle 23,
to 4.63 on the quadrant 24 and to 11.9
on the quadrant 25, thus indicating that the
grade per slant foot is 4.63 and that for every foot
in the slant line or hypotenuse there are 11.9 inches
in the base. When the grade per slant foot, as
indicated in the quadrant 22, constitutes the
starting point the reverse proportions will be indicated
on the lower quadrants 28 and 29.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that there
is provided a simple and durable instrument admirably
adapted for the attainment of the ends in view and which
may be manufactured and furnished at only a small increase
in price over an ordinary spirit level.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed
is:—
In a measuring instrument, a dial comprising inner
and outer concentric scales divided by radial lines into
quadrants, some of the quadrants of the scales being
graduated to indicate measurements in inches and diametrically
opposite quadrants graduated to indicate the same measurements
in inches and decimals thereof for a pre-determined
number of degrees, a degree circle arranged concentric
with the outer scale and surrounding the latter, the
radial lines of the concentric scales intersecting the
degree circle and dividing the latter into quadrants corresponding
to the quadrants of said concentric scales, an inmost
scale graduated to represent inches or the circumference
of a circle, and a single double ended pointer having
one end thereof weighted and movable over the face of
the dial for indicating simultaneously a given measurement
in inches on one of the quadrants and the same measurement
in inches and decimals thereof on the opposite quadrant
for any particular marking on the degree circle.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own,
I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of
two witnesses.
EDWARD HELB.
Witnesses:
S. J. McDowell,
M. P. Hocker.
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